*   {
    margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
    background-color: rgb(206, 206, 206);
    font-family: Verdana;
    min-height: 100vh;
}
#container {
    background-image: linear-gradient(red, yellow); 
    width: 70%; min-width: 275px; height: 100vh;
    margin: 0 auto; /* center horizontally */
}
header {
    background-color: #071013; color: #DFE0E2;
    position: fixed; /* also helps the absolutely positioned nav menu */
    left: 50%; top: 10px; transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 75%;
}

header h1 {
    text-align: center; font-size: 4rem;
    margin: 10px 0;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-variant: small-caps;
}

header h1 + p {
    color: #c4a90e; font-size: 3rem;
    text-align: right; 
    padding-right: 20px;
    /* border: 2px solid orange; */
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgb(255, 255, 255, .5);
}

.home a {
    background-color: rgb(243, 236, 19);
    font-size: 150%;
    padding: 15px;
    position: absolute;
    transform: translateX(30%);
    border-radius: 5px;
    color: black;
}

/* ======= styling the main nav menu in the header ======= */

    header nav {
        /* border: 2px solid orange; */
        position: absolute; bottom: -120px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
        width: 80%; min-width: 600px;
        text-align: center;
    }
    header nav > ul{
        /* border: 3px solid red; */
        margin: -40px auto;
        display: flex;
        list-style-type: none;
    }
    header nav > ul > li {
        /* border: 3px solid purple; */
        margin: 10px;
        flex: 1 0 auto;
        height: 80px; width: 150px;
        line-height: 80px;
    }
    header nav a {
        /* border: 3px solid pink; */
        background-color: rgb(124, 80, 15);
        display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%;
        border-radius: 20px;
        text-decoration: none;
        color: white;
        }
    header nav a:hover {
        background-color: rgba(40, 27, 7, 0.8);
    }
    header .submenu li {
        /* border: 3px solid green; */
        list-style-type: none;
        height: 40px; width: 50%;
        transform: translateX(50%);
        margin: 4px 0px;
        line-height: 40px;
    }
    header .submenu {
        display: none; /* dislay none completely gets rid of the element */
                        /* 'visibility: hidden' hides the element, but keeps space */
        /* border: 2px solid red; */
        margin-top: -4px;
        padding-top: 5px;
        width: 100%;
    }                   
    header nav > ul > li:hover .submenu {
        display: block;
    }